Fittings for maintenance and monitoring

Is further differentiated via the type attribute (catalog).

Water treatment

All elements which are used for water treatment are included in this asset type. This includes, for example, all elements for the treatment and assurance of water quality.

The following list is not exhaustive:

Flocculation, filtration, absorption (activated carbon), chemical processes, biological processes, general treatment processes (desalination, organic trace substances, disinfection, etc.)

A good overview is given in Fritsch et al., 2011 (German), pages 229-307.

Deaeration

Deaeration becomes necessary if there is air in the pipeline network. The deaeration itself always takes place at the highest point of the pipeline network.

Air in the pipeline network can lead to considerable operating faults. Air accumulation inside the pipe reduces the flow cross-section and increases the pressure loss. They can also cause pressure surges and measurement inaccuracies.

The aeration of the pipeline system is used where negative pressure can occur in the pipeline system due to water flowing off too quickly. This is mainly the case by drainage of the pipeline system, pipe bursts or after shut-off fittings such as burst pipe safeguards.

See Fritsch et al., 2011 (German), pages 556-560.